Basic information
Capital: Kigali
Time zone: GMT+2
Languages: Kinyarwanda, English & French
Currency code: RWF
Human Resources at a Glance
Contract Terms
Contracts can be in English. They must be in writing and signed by both parties.
A contract must include:
- Name
- Start date
- Length of the employment
- Job description
- Termination conditions
- Name of employer
- Name of employee
- Agreed working hours
- Probation period
- Notice period
- Paid time off
Guidelines Regarding Probation Period/Trial Period
Probation periods are mandatory. The minimum probation period is 90 days and the maximum probation period is 180 days.
Regulations and Rules Regarding Working Hours
Standard working hours are 9 hours per day, 45 hours per week. The standard workweek is from Monday to Friday.
Overtime payment is not mandatory.
Minimum Wage Requirements
The minimum wage is RWF 8,600 per month. The minimum wage has not been updated since 1974.
Termination
Grounds
Terminations in Rwanda can be complex. There is no at-will termination in Rwanda for employers and termination must be done for just cause.
Compliant terminations include:
- Voluntarily by the employee
- By mutual agreement
- Unilaterally by the employer based on:
- Probation period
- Objective grounds
- Disciplinary dismissal
- Performance due to unsuitability for the job
- By the expiration of the contract
Notice Period
The minimum notice period is 15 days and increases according to the length of employment.
- 15 days notice if the length of service is less than 1 year.
- 30 days notice if the length of service is more than 1 year.
Severance Pay
In Rwanda, all employees who are terminated are entitled to severance pay unless terminated for disciplinary reasons or if they have been working for less than 1 year. Severance pay is 1 month of salary per 5 years of service up to 6 months of base compensation.
Payment & leave Compensation & Holidays
SalaryPayment
Salaries must be paid on time and in legal currency. The maximum payment interval must not exceed:
One day for an hourly or daily worker
One week or two weeks for a weekly or biweekly worker
One month for a monthly worker
Employers must pay their employees’ salaries within seven days after the end of each pay period. However, if the employee is a daily worker, they must be paid every day. The employer must deposit the employee’s salary into a bank or financial institution account that the employee has specified in writing.
Payslip
An employer is required to provide a payslip to an employee upon request. The payslip should include information on how the employee’s compensation was calculated, such as their basic salary, any allowances or bonuses as well as the amount of taxes withheld. The payslip should also indicate the employee’s net salary.
Annual Leave
Both full-time and part-time employees are entitled to 18 calendar days of paid time off (PTO) a year. PTO accrues monthly 1.5 days per month.
Sick Leave
Employees are entitled to paid sick leave for up to 6.5 months. This leave is paid at different rates and by different payers depending upon length:
| Period | Pay | Payer |
| 0 – 15 days | 100% | Employer |
| 16 – 106 days | 100% of base salary | Employer |
| 107 – 196 days | 0% of base salary | N/A |
Maternity & Parental Leave
Pregnant employees are entitled to 12 weeks of paid leave. 2 weeks can be taken before the child’s birth. The employee will receive 100% of the salary during this period, and Social Security will be responsible for this pay.
In Rwanda, no law covers parental leave. However, employees may be entitled to maternity leave and paternity leave.
Tax and Social Security Information
Personal Income Tax
The individual income tax ranges from 0% to 30%. Income tax is calculated according to progressive rates. Multiple additional factors may impact overall rates such as the household status and the number of children.
| Gross Annual Income | Tax Rate (%) |
| Up to RWF – 30,000 | 0% |
| Up to RWF – 30,001 – 100,000 | 15% |
| Over RWF – 100,001 | 30% |
Social Security
The Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB) oversees the administration of the national social security schemes in the country, which applies to both Rwandan citizens and foreign workers. To participate in the scheme, employees and employers are required to contribute, with the amount of contribution based on the employee’s gross monthly salary. Employers are responsible for collecting and remitting the contributions to the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) by the 15th day of the following month.
| Type | Employer Contribution Rate (%) | Employee Contribution (%) |
| Pension Scheme | 3 | 3 |
| Occupation Hazards | 2 | NA |
| Maternity Fund | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Public Holidays 2024
| Occasion | Date |
| New Year’s Day | 1.1 |
| Day after New Year’s Day | 1.2 |
| National Heroes Day | 2.1 |
| Good Friday | 3.29 |
| Easter Monday | 4.1 |
| Genocide against the Tutsi Memorial Day | 4.7 |
| Independence Day | 7.1 |
| Liberation Day | 7.4 |
| Umuganura Day | 8.2 |
| Assumption Day | 8.15 |
| Christmas Day | 12.25 |
| Boxing Day | 12.26 |
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